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Modern political division
The region of South Asia incorporates the Republic of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri-Lanka, and the Maldives. India and Pakistan came into being as a result of division of the British India according to confessional principle and incorporation of the semi-independent principalities. Bangladesh appeared by means of emergence from the state of the Muslims of India, Pakistan and West Bengal.
The largest country of the region – India – is a sovereign democratic republic with a parliamentarian form of rule of the British type. The Indian statehood dates back to January 26, 1950. This is the Republic’s Day, when the Constitution that is now effective was approved. The executive authorities in the centre and in the states are headed by the President and Governors. In the ordinary circumstances they act upon consulting the cabinet of Ministers, the heads of which – the Prime Minister in the centre and Chief Ministers in the states – are top officials of executive authorities. The elected members of parliament and legislative bodies of the states elect president of the country, and he in his turn appoints a Governor.
Modern India is the largest federation in the world as concerns population. It comprises 28 states: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghālaya, Mizoram, Nāgāland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh. The state of Jammu and Kashmir occupies a special place within the federation. The states differ as to the size of the territory, population, languages, as well as historical, economic and cultural development. The capital of India in New Delhi.
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